(1) Preparations before operating the sand pump:
When using it for the first time, ensure that the motor rotation direction matches the direction marked on the pump casing. Reversing the rotation will eject the impeller, causing the impeller to hit the front guard plate and tear the threads, which will quickly damage the pump.
Rotate the pump shaft by hand, ensuring smooth operation and no friction noise.
Check the rotation direction, ensuring it matches the direction indicated on the pump body.
Fully open the suction pipe valve.
Fill the pump body and inlet pipe with liquid to expel air.
When the pump outlet is connected to pressure equipment, a check valve must be installed between the throttle valve and the pump outlet to prevent liquid backflow. Otherwise, backflow will cause water hammer and damage to the pump.
(2) Sand Pump Operation:
After all preparations are completed, start the motor.
After the motor is running normally, check if the ammeter display on the motor start-up control cabinet is normal. If it exceeds the motor’s rated current, adjust the throttle valve appropriately to keep the motor current within the rated current, ensuring the pump and motor operate efficiently and safely at their design points.
After starting and running for 1-2 minutes, open the discharge gate valve and adjust the sand pump pressure. Observe the pump’s operation carefully. If the pressure and flow rate of the sand pump are too high or too low, or if the motor overheats, adjust the opening of the outlet valve appropriately until the pump runs smoothly.
After the pump has been running normally for 2 hours, check the bearing temperature rise. The bearing temperature should not exceed 80°C or the temperature specified in the product instruction manual.
If there is severe vibration, abnormal noise, or other abnormal phenomena, immediately disconnect the power supply to prevent accidents and investigate the cause and troubleshoot the problem.
(3) Sand Pump Shutdown and Storage:
Disconnect the motor power supply to stop the pump.
If you stop the pump for a long time and the ambient temperature falls below 0 ℃, drain the liquid from the pump to prevent the pump casing from freezing and cracking. If you stop the pump for an extended period, clean, oil, and package it for safekeeping.
FAQ:
1. What are the common faults of sand pumps and how can I troubleshoot them?
A:Below are common issues and their potential solutions:
| Symptom | Possible Cause | Recommended Action |
|---|---|---|
| Low flow or no discharge | Clogged suction line; air leakage; impeller wear; low speed. | Clear the line; check seals; inspect/replace impeller; verify motor speed. |
| Excessive vibration/noise | Bearing failure; impeller imbalance; loose foundation bolts; cavitation. | Replace bearings; perform dynamic balancing; tighten bolts; improve NPSHa. |
| High bearing temperature | Insufficient/expired lubricant; cooling water failure; misalignment. | Re-lubricate; check cooling system; re-align coupling. |
| Severe leakage | Worn packing; loose gland; mechanical seal failure. | Adjust or replace packing; replace mechanical seal. |
2. How can I extend the service life of a sand pump?
A: Longevity depends on correct operation and maintenance:
- Correct Sizing: Avoid running the pump at less than 40% of its Best Efficiency Point (BEP) or against a closed valve.
- Proper Start-up/Shutdown: Always open the gland/service water before starting. Flush the pump with clean water after stopping to remove abrasive residue.
- Regular Maintenance: Monitor bearing temperature, vibration, and seal condition. Inspect wear parts (impeller, liners) regularly.
- Avoid Dry Running: Never operate the pump without liquid in the casing.
- Material Selection: Ensure the wet-end material (e.g., High Chrome A05, rubber) matches the specific gravity and pH of your slurry.
3. What safety precautions should I follow when operating a sand pump?
A:
- Lockout/Tagout: Always disconnect power and relieve line pressure before performing any maintenance.
- No Dry Running: Never start a pump without priming; dry running destroys seals and bearings instantly.
- PPE: Wear appropriate protective equipment when handling corrosive or toxic slurries.
- No Contact: Do not touch rotating shafts or hot surfaces during operation.
- Emergency Stop: If abnormal vibration, noise, or temperature spikes occur, shut down the unit immediately.
